org.springframework.orm.hibernate3

## Class HibernateTemplate

- java.lang.Object
- - org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor
  - - org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Aware, BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean, HibernateOperations

      public class HibernateTemplate
      extends HibernateAccessor
      implements HibernateOperations

  Helper class that simplifies Hibernate data access code. Automatically converts HibernateExceptions into DataAccessExceptions, following the `org.springframework.dao` exception hierarchy.

  The central method is `execute`, supporting Hibernate access code implementing the `HibernateCallback` interface. It provides Hibernate Session handling such that neither the HibernateCallback implementation nor the calling code needs to explicitly care about retrieving/closing Hibernate Sessions, or handling Session lifecycle exceptions. For typical single step actions, there are various convenience methods (find, load, saveOrUpdate, delete).

  Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation with a SessionFactory reference, or get prepared in an application context and given to services as bean reference. Note: The SessionFactory should always be configured as bean in the application context, in the first case given to the service directly, in the second case to the prepared template.

  NOTE: As of Hibernate 3.0.1, transactional Hibernate access code can also be coded in plain Hibernate style. Hence, for newly started projects, consider adopting the standard Hibernate3 style of coding data access objects instead, based on `SessionFactory.getCurrentSession()`.

  This class can be considered as direct alternative to working with the raw Hibernate3 Session API (through `SessionFactory.getCurrentSession()`). The major advantage is its automatic conversion to DataAccessExceptions as well as its capability to fall back to 'auto-commit' style behavior when used outside of transactions. Note that HibernateTemplate will perform its own Session management, not participating in a custom Hibernate CurrentSessionContext unless you explicitly switch `"allowCreate"` to "false".

  `LocalSessionFactoryBean` is the preferred way of obtaining a reference to a specific Hibernate SessionFactory, at least in a non-EJB environment. The Spring application context will manage its lifecycle, initializing and shutting down the factory as part of the application.

  Note that operations that return an Iterator (i.e. `iterate`) are supposed to be used within Spring-driven or JTA-driven transactions (with HibernateTransactionManager, JtaTransactionManager, or EJB CMT). Else, the Iterator won't be able to read results from its ResultSet anymore, as the underlying Hibernate Session will already have been closed.

  Lazy loading will also just work with an open Hibernate Session, either within a transaction or within OpenSessionInViewFilter/Interceptor. Furthermore, some operations just make sense within transactions, for example: `contains`, `evict`, `lock`, `flush`, `clear`.

  Since:
    1.2
  Author:
    Juergen Hoeller
  See Also:
    `HibernateAccessor.setSessionFactory(org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`, `HibernateCallback`, `Session`, `LocalSessionFactoryBean`, `HibernateTransactionManager`, `JtaTransactionManager`, `OpenSessionInViewFilter`, `OpenSessionInViewInterceptor`

- - ### Field Summary

    - ### Fields inherited from class org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor

      `FLUSH_ALWAYS, FLUSH_AUTO, FLUSH_COMMIT, FLUSH_EAGER, FLUSH_NEVER, logger`

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `HibernateTemplate()` Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.
    `HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory)` Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.
    `HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory, boolean allowCreate)` Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.

  - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `protected void` | `applyNamedParameterToQuery(Query queryObject, String paramName, Object value)` Apply the given name parameter to the given Query object.
    `int` | `bulkUpdate(String queryString)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query.
    `int` | `bulkUpdate(String queryString, Object... values)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `int` | `bulkUpdate(String queryString, Object value)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `protected void` | `checkWriteOperationAllowed(Session session)` Check whether write operations are allowed on the given Session.
    `void` | `clear()` Remove all objects from the `Session` cache, and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletes.
    `void` | `closeIterator(Iterator it)` Immediately close an `Iterator` created by any of the various `iterate(..)` operations, instead of waiting until the session is closed or disconnected.
    `boolean` | `contains(Object entity)` Check whether the given object is in the Session cache.
    `protected Session` | `createSessionProxy(Session session)` Create a close-suppressing proxy for the given Hibernate Session.
    `void` | `delete(Object entity)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `delete(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `delete(String entityName, Object entity)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `delete(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `deleteAll(Collection entities)` Delete all given persistent instances.
    `protected <T> T` | `doExecute(HibernateCallback<T> action, boolean enforceNewSession, boolean enforceNativeSession)` Execute the action specified by the given action object within a Session.
    `Filter` | `enableFilter(String filterName)` Return an enabled Hibernate `Filter` for the given filter name.
    `void` | `evict(Object entity)` Remove the given object from the `Session` cache.
    `<T> T` | `execute(HibernateCallback<T> action)` Execute the action specified by the given action object within a `Session`.
    `List` | `executeFind(HibernateCallback<?> action)` Deprecated.
    `<T> T` | `executeWithNativeSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)` Execute the action specified by the given action object within a native `Session`.
    `<T> T` | `executeWithNewSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)` Execute the action specified by the given action object within a new `Session`.
    `List` | `find(String queryString)` Execute an HQL query.
    `List` | `find(String queryString, Object... values)` Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `find(String queryString, Object value)` Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)` Execute a query based on a given Hibernate criteria object.
    `List` | `findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on the given Hibernate criteria object.
    `List` | `findByExample(Object exampleEntity)` Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByExample(Object exampleEntity, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByExample(String entityName, Object exampleEntity)` Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByExample(String entityName, Object exampleEntity, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByNamedParam(String queryString, String[] paramNames, Object[] values)` Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedParam(String queryString, String paramName, Object value)` Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQuery(String queryName)` Execute a named query.
    `List` | `findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object... values)` Execute a named query binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object value)` Execute a named query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName, String[] paramNames, Object[] values)` Execute a named query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName, String paramName, Object value)` Execute a named query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQueryAndValueBean(String queryName, Object valueBean)` Execute a named query, binding the properties of the given bean to ":" named parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByValueBean(String queryString, Object valueBean)` Execute an HQL query, binding the properties of the given bean to named parameters in the query string.
    `void` | `flush()` Flush all pending saves, updates and deletes to the database.
    `<T> T` | `get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `<T> T` | `get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `Object` | `get(String entityName, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `Object` | `get(String entityName, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `int` | `getFetchSize()` Return the fetch size specified for this HibernateTemplate.
    `int` | `getMaxResults()` Return the maximum number of rows specified for this HibernateTemplate.
    `String` | `getQueryCacheRegion()` Return the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.
    `protected Session` | `getSession()` Return a Session for use by this template.
    `void` | `initialize(Object proxy)` Force initialization of a Hibernate proxy or persistent collection.
    `boolean` | `isAllowCreate()` Return if a new Session should be created if no thread-bound found.
    `boolean` | `isAlwaysUseNewSession()` Return whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template.
    `boolean` | `isCacheQueries()` Return whether to cache all queries executed by this template.
    `boolean` | `isCheckWriteOperations()` Return whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).
    `boolean` | `isExposeNativeSession()` Return whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code, or rather a Session proxy.
    `Iterator` | `iterate(String queryString)` Execute a query for persistent instances.
    `Iterator` | `iterate(String queryString, Object... values)` Execute a query for persistent instances, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `Iterator` | `iterate(String queryString, Object value)` Execute a query for persistent instances, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `<T> T` | `load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `<T> T` | `load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `void` | `load(Object entity, Serializable id)` Load the persistent instance with the given identifier into the given object, throwing an exception if not found.
    `Object` | `load(String entityName, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `Object` | `load(String entityName, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `<T> List<T>` | `loadAll(Class<T> entityClass)` Return all persistent instances of the given entity class.
    `void` | `lock(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
    `void` | `lock(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
    `<T> T` | `merge(String entityName, T entity)` Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier.
    `<T> T` | `merge(T entity)` Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier.
    `void` | `persist(Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `void` | `persist(String entityName, Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `protected void` | `prepareCriteria(Criteria criteria)` Prepare the given Criteria object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.
    `protected void` | `prepareQuery(Query queryObject)` Prepare the given Query object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.
    `void` | `refresh(Object entity)` Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `refresh(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `replicate(Object entity, ReplicationMode replicationMode)` Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
    `void` | `replicate(String entityName, Object entity, ReplicationMode replicationMode)` Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
    `Serializable` | `save(Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `Serializable` | `save(String entityName, Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `void` | `saveOrUpdate(Object entity)` Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
    `void` | `saveOrUpdate(String entityName, Object entity)` Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
    `void` | `saveOrUpdateAll(Collection entities)` Save or update all given persistent instances, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
    `void` | `setAllowCreate(boolean allowCreate)` Set if a new `Session` should be created when no transactional `Session` can be found for the current thread.
    `void` | `setAlwaysUseNewSession(boolean alwaysUseNewSession)` Set whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template.
    `void` | `setCacheQueries(boolean cacheQueries)` Set whether to cache all queries executed by this template.
    `void` | `setCheckWriteOperations(boolean checkWriteOperations)` Set whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).
    `void` | `setExposeNativeSession(boolean exposeNativeSession)` Set whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code.
    `void` | `setFetchSize(int fetchSize)` Set the fetch size for this HibernateTemplate.
    `void` | `setMaxResults(int maxResults)` Set the maximum number of rows for this HibernateTemplate.
    `void` | `setQueryCacheRegion(String queryCacheRegion)` Set the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.
    `void` | `update(Object entity)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
    `void` | `update(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
    `void` | `update(String entityName, Object entity)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
    `void` | `update(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor

      `afterPropertiesSet, applyFlushMode, convertHibernateAccessException, convertJdbcAccessException, convertJdbcAccessException, disableFilters, enableFilters, flushIfNecessary, getDefaultJdbcExceptionTranslator, getEntityInterceptor, getFilterNames, getFlushMode, getJdbcExceptionTranslator, getSessionFactory, setBeanFactory, setEntityInterceptor, setEntityInterceptorBeanName, setFilterName, setFilterNames, setFlushMode, setFlushModeName, setJdbcExceptionTranslator, setSessionFactory`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### HibernateTemplate

          public HibernateTemplate()

      Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.

    - #### HibernateTemplate

          public HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory)

      Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.
      Parameters:
        `sessionFactory` - the SessionFactory to create Sessions with

    - #### HibernateTemplate

          public HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory,
                           boolean allowCreate)

      Create a new HibernateTemplate instance.
      Parameters:
        `sessionFactory` - the SessionFactory to create Sessions with
        `allowCreate` - if a non-transactional Session should be created when no transactional Session can be found for the current thread

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### setAllowCreate

          public void setAllowCreate(boolean allowCreate)

      Set if a new `Session` should be created when no transactional `Session` can be found for the current thread. The default value is `true`.

      `HibernateTemplate` is aware of a corresponding `Session` bound to the current thread, for example when using `HibernateTransactionManager`. If `allowCreate` is `true`, a new non-transactional `Session` will be created if none is found, which needs to be closed at the end of the operation. If `false`, an `IllegalStateException` will get thrown in this case.

      NOTE: As of Spring 2.5, switching `allowCreate` to `false` will delegate to Hibernate's `SessionFactory.getCurrentSession()` method, which - with Spring-based setup - will by default delegate to Spring's `SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, false)`. This mode also allows for custom Hibernate CurrentSessionContext strategies to be plugged in, whereas `allowCreate` set to `true` will always use a Spring-managed Hibernate Session.

      See Also:
        `SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)`

    - #### isAllowCreate

          public boolean isAllowCreate()

      Return if a new Session should be created if no thread-bound found.

    - #### setAlwaysUseNewSession

          public void setAlwaysUseNewSession(boolean alwaysUseNewSession)

      Set whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template. Default is "false"; if activated, all operations on this template will work on a new Hibernate Session even in case of a pre-bound Session (for example, within a transaction or OpenSessionInViewFilter).

      Within a transaction, a new Hibernate Session used by this template will participate in the transaction through using the same JDBC Connection. In such a scenario, multiple Sessions will participate in the same database transaction.

      Turn this on for operations that are supposed to always execute independently, without side effects caused by a shared Hibernate Session.

    - #### isAlwaysUseNewSession

          public boolean isAlwaysUseNewSession()

      Return whether to always use a new Hibernate Session for this template.

    - #### setExposeNativeSession

          public void setExposeNativeSession(boolean exposeNativeSession)

      Set whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code.

      Default is "false": a Session proxy will be returned, suppressing `close` calls and automatically applying query cache settings and transaction timeouts.

      See Also:
        `HibernateCallback`, `Session`, `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `prepareQuery(org.hibernate.Query)`, `prepareCriteria(org.hibernate.Criteria)`

    - #### isExposeNativeSession

          public boolean isExposeNativeSession()

      Return whether to expose the native Hibernate Session to HibernateCallback code, or rather a Session proxy.

    - #### setCheckWriteOperations

          public void setCheckWriteOperations(boolean checkWriteOperations)

      Set whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).

      Default is "true", for fail-fast behavior when attempting write operations within a read-only transaction. Turn this off to allow save/update/delete on a Session with flush mode NEVER.

      See Also:
        `HibernateAccessor.setFlushMode(int)`, `checkWriteOperationAllowed(org.hibernate.Session)`, `TransactionDefinition.isReadOnly()`

    - #### isCheckWriteOperations

          public boolean isCheckWriteOperations()

      Return whether to check that the Hibernate Session is not in read-only mode in case of write operations (save/update/delete).

    - #### setCacheQueries

          public void setCacheQueries(boolean cacheQueries)

      Set whether to cache all queries executed by this template.

      If this is "true", all Query and Criteria objects created by this template will be marked as cacheable (including all queries through find methods).

      To specify the query region to be used for queries cached by this template, set the "queryCacheRegion" property.

      See Also:
        `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `Query.setCacheable(boolean)`, `Criteria.setCacheable(boolean)`

    - #### isCacheQueries

          public boolean isCacheQueries()

      Return whether to cache all queries executed by this template.

    - #### setQueryCacheRegion

          public void setQueryCacheRegion(String queryCacheRegion)

      Set the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.

      If this is specified, it will be applied to all Query and Criteria objects created by this template (including all queries through find methods).

      The cache region will not take effect unless queries created by this template are configured to be cached via the "cacheQueries" property.

      See Also:
        `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `Query.setCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `Criteria.setCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`

    - #### getQueryCacheRegion

          public String getQueryCacheRegion()

      Return the name of the cache region for queries executed by this template.

    - #### setFetchSize

          public void setFetchSize(int fetchSize)

      Set the fetch size for this HibernateTemplate. This is important for processing large result sets: Setting this higher than the default value will increase processing speed at the cost of memory consumption; setting this lower can avoid transferring row data that will never be read by the application.

      Default is 0, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default.

    - #### getFetchSize

          public int getFetchSize()

      Return the fetch size specified for this HibernateTemplate.

    - #### setMaxResults

          public void setMaxResults(int maxResults)

      Set the maximum number of rows for this HibernateTemplate. This is important for processing subsets of large result sets, avoiding to read and hold the entire result set in the database or in the JDBC driver if we're never interested in the entire result in the first place (for example, when performing searches that might return a large number of matches).

      Default is 0, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default.

    - #### getMaxResults

          public int getMaxResults()

      Return the maximum number of rows specified for this HibernateTemplate.

    - #### execute

          public <T> T execute(HibernateCallback<T> action)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute the action specified by the given action object within a `Session`.

      Application exceptions thrown by the action object get propagated to the caller (can only be unchecked). Hibernate exceptions are transformed into appropriate DAO ones. Allows for returning a result object, that is a domain object or a collection of domain objects.

      Note: Callback code is not supposed to handle transactions itself! Use an appropriate transaction manager like `HibernateTransactionManager`. Generally, callback code must not touch any `Session` lifecycle methods, like close, disconnect, or reconnect, to let the template do its work.

      Specified by:
        `execute` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
      Returns:
        a result object returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `HibernateTransactionManager`, `Session`

    - #### executeFind

          @Deprecated
          public List executeFind(HibernateCallback<?> action)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Deprecated.
      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute the specified action assuming that the result object is a `List`.

      This is a convenience method for executing Hibernate find calls or queries within an action.

      Specified by:
        `executeFind` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
      Returns:
        a List result returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### executeWithNewSession

          public <T> T executeWithNewSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)

      Execute the action specified by the given action object within a new `Session`.

      This execute variant overrides the template-wide `"alwaysUseNewSession"` setting.

      Parameters:
        `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
      Returns:
        a result object returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### executeWithNativeSession

          public <T> T executeWithNativeSession(HibernateCallback<T> action)

      Execute the action specified by the given action object within a native `Session`.

      This execute variant overrides the template-wide `"exposeNativeSession"` setting.

      Parameters:
        `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
      Returns:
        a result object returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### doExecute

          protected <T> T doExecute(HibernateCallback<T> action,
                        boolean enforceNewSession,
                        boolean enforceNativeSession)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Execute the action specified by the given action object within a Session.
      Parameters:
        `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
        `enforceNewSession` - whether to enforce a new Session for this template even if there is a pre-bound transactional Session
        `enforceNativeSession` - whether to enforce exposure of the native Hibernate Session to callback code
      Returns:
        a result object returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### getSession

          protected Session getSession()

      Return a Session for use by this template.

      Returns a new Session in case of "alwaysUseNewSession" (using the same JDBC Connection as a transactional Session, if applicable), a pre-bound Session in case of "allowCreate" turned off, and a pre-bound or new Session otherwise (new only if no transactional or otherwise pre-bound Session exists).

      Returns:
        the Session to use (never `null`)
      See Also:
        `SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(org.hibernate.SessionFactory, boolean)`, `SessionFactoryUtils.getNewSession(org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`, `setAlwaysUseNewSession(boolean)`, `setAllowCreate(boolean)`

    - #### createSessionProxy

          protected Session createSessionProxy(Session session)

      Create a close-suppressing proxy for the given Hibernate Session. The proxy also prepares returned Query and Criteria objects.
      Parameters:
        `session` - the Hibernate Session to create a proxy for
      Returns:
        the Session proxy
      See Also:
        `Session.close()`, `prepareQuery(org.hibernate.Query)`, `prepareCriteria(org.hibernate.Criteria)`

    - #### get

          public <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass,
                  Serializable id)
                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### get

          public <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass,
                  Serializable id,
                  LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### get

          public Object get(String entityName,
                   Serializable id)
                     throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(String, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### get

          public Object get(String entityName,
                   Serializable id,
                   LockMode lockMode)
                     throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found. Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(String, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `get` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### load

          public <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass,
                   Serializable id)
                 throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### load

          public <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass,
                   Serializable id,
                   LockMode lockMode)
                 throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found. Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### load

          public Object load(String entityName,
                    Serializable id)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(String, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### load

          public Object load(String entityName,
                    Serializable id,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(String, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### loadAll

          public <T> List<T> loadAll(Class<T> entityClass)
                          throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return all persistent instances of the given entity class. Note: Use queries or criteria for retrieving a specific subset.
      Specified by:
        `loadAll` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if there is a Hibernate error
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createCriteria(java.lang.Class)`

    - #### load

          public void load(Object entity,
                  Serializable id)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Load the persistent instance with the given identifier into the given object, throwing an exception if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Object, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Specified by:
        `load` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the object (of the target class) to load into
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Object, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### refresh

          public void refresh(Object entity)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
      Specified by:
        `refresh` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to re-read
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.refresh(Object)`

    - #### refresh

          public void refresh(Object entity,
                     LockMode lockMode)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Re-read the state of the given persistent instance. Obtains the specified lock mode for the instance.
      Specified by:
        `refresh` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to re-read
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.refresh(Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### contains

          public boolean contains(Object entity)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Check whether the given object is in the Session cache.
      Specified by:
        `contains` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistence instance to check
      Returns:
        whether the given object is in the Session cache
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if there is a Hibernate error
      See Also:
        `Session.contains(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### evict

          public void evict(Object entity)
                     throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Remove the given object from the `Session` cache.
      Specified by:
        `evict` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to evict
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.evict(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### initialize

          public void initialize(Object proxy)
                          throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Force initialization of a Hibernate proxy or persistent collection.
      Specified by:
        `initialize` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `proxy` - a proxy for a persistent object or a persistent collection
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if we can't initialize the proxy, for example because it is not associated with an active Session
      See Also:
        `Hibernate.initialize(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### enableFilter

          public Filter enableFilter(String filterName)
                              throws IllegalStateException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Return an enabled Hibernate `Filter` for the given filter name. The returned `Filter` instance can be used to set filter parameters.
      Specified by:
        `enableFilter` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `filterName` - the name of the filter
      Returns:
        the enabled Hibernate `Filter` (either already enabled or enabled on the fly by this operation)
      Throws:
        `IllegalStateException` - if we are not running within a transactional Session (in which case this operation does not make sense)

    - #### lock

          public void lock(Object entity,
                  LockMode lockMode)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
      Specified by:
        `lock` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to lock
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.lock(Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### lock

          public void lock(String entityName,
                  Object entity,
                  LockMode lockMode)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
      Specified by:
        `lock` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to lock
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.lock(String, Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### save

          public Serializable save(Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Persist the given transient instance.
      Specified by:
        `save` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the transient instance to persist
      Returns:
        the generated identifier
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.save(Object)`

    - #### save

          public Serializable save(String entityName,
                          Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Persist the given transient instance.
      Specified by:
        `save` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the transient instance to persist
      Returns:
        the generated identifier
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.save(String, Object)`

    - #### update

          public void update(Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Specified by:
        `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(Object)`

    - #### update

          public void update(Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Specified by:
        `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(Object)`

    - #### update

          public void update(String entityName,
                    Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Specified by:
        `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(String, Object)`

    - #### update

          public void update(String entityName,
                    Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Specified by:
        `update` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(String, Object)`

    - #### saveOrUpdate

          public void saveOrUpdate(Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instance with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Specified by:
        `saveOrUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.saveOrUpdate(Object)`

    - #### saveOrUpdate

          public void saveOrUpdate(String entityName,
                          Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instance with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Specified by:
        `saveOrUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.saveOrUpdate(String, Object)`

    - #### saveOrUpdateAll

          public void saveOrUpdateAll(Collection entities)
                               throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Save or update all given persistent instances, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instances with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Specified by:
        `saveOrUpdateAll` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entities` - the persistent instances to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### replicate

          public void replicate(Object entity,
                       ReplicationMode replicationMode)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
      Specified by:
        `replicate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent object to replicate
        `replicationMode` - the Hibernate ReplicationMode
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.replicate(Object, org.hibernate.ReplicationMode)`

    - #### replicate

          public void replicate(String entityName,
                       Object entity,
                       ReplicationMode replicationMode)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
      Specified by:
        `replicate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent object to replicate
        `replicationMode` - the Hibernate ReplicationMode
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.replicate(String, Object, org.hibernate.ReplicationMode)`

    - #### persist

          public void persist(Object entity)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Persist the given transient instance. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `save`, associating the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Specified by:
        `persist` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to persist
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.persist(Object)`, `HibernateOperations.save(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### persist

          public void persist(String entityName,
                     Object entity)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Persist the given transient instance. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `save`, associating the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Specified by:
        `persist` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to persist
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.persist(String, Object)`, `HibernateOperations.save(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### merge

          public <T> T merge(T entity)
                  throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `saveOrUpdate`, but never associates the given object with the current Hibernate Session. In case of a new entity, the state will be copied over as well.

      Note that `merge` will not update the identifiers in the passed-in object graph (in contrast to TopLink)! Consider registering Spring's `IdTransferringMergeEventListener` if you would like to have newly assigned ids transferred to the original object graph too.

      Specified by:
        `merge` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the object to merge with the corresponding persistence instance
      Returns:
        the updated, registered persistent instance
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.merge(Object)`, `HibernateOperations.saveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object)`, `IdTransferringMergeEventListener`

    - #### merge

          public <T> T merge(String entityName,
                    T entity)
                  throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `saveOrUpdate`, but never associates the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`. In the case of a new entity, the state will be copied over as well.

      Note that `merge` will not update the identifiers in the passed-in object graph (in contrast to TopLink)! Consider registering Spring's `IdTransferringMergeEventListener` if you would like to have newly assigned ids transferred to the original object graph too.

      Specified by:
        `merge` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the object to merge with the corresponding persistence instance
      Returns:
        the updated, registered persistent instance
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.merge(String, Object)`, `HibernateOperations.saveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### delete

          public void delete(Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Delete the given persistent instance.
      Specified by:
        `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### delete

          public void delete(Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Delete the given persistent instance.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Specified by:
        `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### delete

          public void delete(String entityName,
                    Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Delete the given persistent instance.
      Specified by:
        `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### delete

          public void delete(String entityName,
                    Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Delete the given persistent instance.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Specified by:
        `delete` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### deleteAll

          public void deleteAll(Collection entities)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Delete all given persistent instances.

      This can be combined with any of the find methods to delete by query in two lines of code.

      Specified by:
        `deleteAll` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entities` - the persistent instances to delete
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### flush

          public void flush()
                     throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Flush all pending saves, updates and deletes to the database.

      Only invoke this for selective eager flushing, for example when JDBC code needs to see certain changes within the same transaction. Else, it is preferable to rely on auto-flushing at transaction completion.

      Specified by:
        `flush` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.flush()`

    - #### clear

          public void clear()
                     throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Remove all objects from the `Session` cache, and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletes.
      Specified by:
        `clear` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.clear()`

    - #### find

          public List find(String queryString)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute an HQL query.
      Specified by:
        `find` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### find

          public List find(String queryString,
                  Object value)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `find` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### find

          public List find(String queryString,
                  Object... values)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `find` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### findByNamedParam

          public List findByNamedParam(String queryString,
                              String paramName,
                              Object value)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `findByNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `paramName` - the name of the parameter
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedParam

          public List findByNamedParam(String queryString,
                              String[] paramNames,
                              Object[] values)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `findByNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `paramNames` - the names of the parameters
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByValueBean

          public List findByValueBean(String queryString,
                             Object valueBean)
                               throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute an HQL query, binding the properties of the given bean to named parameters in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `findByValueBean` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `valueBean` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Query.setProperties(java.lang.Object)`, `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### findByNamedQuery

          public List findByNamedQuery(String queryName)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a named query.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Specified by:
        `findByNamedQuery` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQuery

          public List findByNamedQuery(String queryName,
                              Object value)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a named query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Specified by:
        `findByNamedQuery` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQuery

          public List findByNamedQuery(String queryName,
                              Object... values)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a named query binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Specified by:
        `findByNamedQuery` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam

          public List findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName,
                                           String paramName,
                                           Object value)
                                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a named query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Specified by:
        `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `paramName` - the name of parameter
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam

          public List findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName,
                                           String[] paramNames,
                                           Object[] values)
                                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a named query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Specified by:
        `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `paramNames` - the names of the parameters
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQueryAndValueBean

          public List findByNamedQueryAndValueBean(String queryName,
                                          Object valueBean)
                                            throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a named query, binding the properties of the given bean to ":" named parameters in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Specified by:
        `findByNamedQueryAndValueBean` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `valueBean` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Query.setProperties(java.lang.Object)`, `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByCriteria

          public List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)
                              throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query based on a given Hibernate criteria object.
      Specified by:
        `findByCriteria` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `criteria` - the detached Hibernate criteria object. Note: Do not reuse criteria objects! They need to recreated per execution, due to the suboptimal design of Hibernate's criteria facility.
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `DetachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(org.hibernate.Session)`

    - #### findByCriteria

          public List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria,
                            int firstResult,
                            int maxResults)
                              throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query based on the given Hibernate criteria object.
      Specified by:
        `findByCriteria` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `criteria` - the detached Hibernate criteria object. Note: Do not reuse criteria objects! They need to recreated per execution, due to the suboptimal design of Hibernate's criteria facility.
        `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
        `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `DetachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(org.hibernate.Session)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

    - #### findByExample

          public List findByExample(Object exampleEntity)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
      Specified by:
        `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`

    - #### findByExample

          public List findByExample(String entityName,
                           Object exampleEntity)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
      Specified by:
        `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`

    - #### findByExample

          public List findByExample(Object exampleEntity,
                           int firstResult,
                           int maxResults)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
      Specified by:
        `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
        `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
        `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

    - #### findByExample

          public List findByExample(String entityName,
                           Object exampleEntity,
                           int firstResult,
                           int maxResults)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
      Specified by:
        `findByExample` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
        `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
        `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

    - #### iterate

          public Iterator iterate(String queryString)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query for persistent instances.

      Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

      Specified by:
        `iterate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
      Returns:
        an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

    - #### iterate

          public Iterator iterate(String queryString,
                         Object value)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query for persistent instances, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

      Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

      Specified by:
        `iterate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

    - #### iterate

          public Iterator iterate(String queryString,
                         Object... values)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Execute a query for persistent instances, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

      Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

      Specified by:
        `iterate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

    - #### closeIterator

          public void closeIterator(Iterator it)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Immediately close an `Iterator` created by any of the various `iterate(..)` operations, instead of waiting until the session is closed or disconnected.
      Specified by:
        `closeIterator` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `it` - the `Iterator` to close
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if the `Iterator` could not be closed
      See Also:
        `Hibernate.close(java.util.Iterator)`

    - #### bulkUpdate

          public int bulkUpdate(String queryString)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update/delete all objects according to the given query.
      Specified by:
        `bulkUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
      Returns:
        the number of instances updated/deleted
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

    - #### bulkUpdate

          public int bulkUpdate(String queryString,
                       Object value)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `bulkUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        the number of instances updated/deleted
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

    - #### bulkUpdate

          public int bulkUpdate(String queryString,
                       Object... values)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Description copied from interface: `HibernateOperations`
      Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
      Specified by:
        `bulkUpdate` in interface `HibernateOperations`
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        the number of instances updated/deleted
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

    - #### checkWriteOperationAllowed

          protected void checkWriteOperationAllowed(Session session)
                                             throws InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException

      Check whether write operations are allowed on the given Session.

      Default implementation throws an InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException in case of `FlushMode.MANUAL`. Can be overridden in subclasses.

      Parameters:
        `session` - current Hibernate Session
      Throws:
        `InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException` - if write operations are not allowed
      See Also:
        `setCheckWriteOperations(boolean)`, `HibernateAccessor.getFlushMode()`, `HibernateAccessor.FLUSH_EAGER`, `Session.getFlushMode()`, `FlushMode.MANUAL`

    - #### prepareQuery

          protected void prepareQuery(Query queryObject)

      Prepare the given Query object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.
      Parameters:
        `queryObject` - the Query object to prepare
      See Also:
        `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `SessionFactoryUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(org.hibernate.Query, org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`

    - #### prepareCriteria

          protected void prepareCriteria(Criteria criteria)

      Prepare the given Criteria object, applying cache settings and/or a transaction timeout.
      Parameters:
        `criteria` - the Criteria object to prepare
      See Also:
        `setCacheQueries(boolean)`, `setQueryCacheRegion(java.lang.String)`, `SessionFactoryUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(org.hibernate.Query, org.hibernate.SessionFactory)`

    - #### applyNamedParameterToQuery

          protected void applyNamedParameterToQuery(Query queryObject,
                                        String paramName,
                                        Object value)
                                             throws HibernateException

      Apply the given name parameter to the given Query object.
      Parameters:
        `queryObject` - the Query object
        `paramName` - the name of the parameter
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Throws:
        `HibernateException` - if thrown by the Query object