org.springframework.transaction.support

## Class TransactionTemplate

- java.lang.Object
- - org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition
  - - org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, InitializingBean, TransactionOperations, TransactionDefinition

      public class TransactionTemplate
      extends DefaultTransactionDefinition
      implements TransactionOperations, InitializingBean

  Template class that simplifies programmatic transaction demarcation and transaction exception handling.

  The central method is `execute(org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback<T>)`, supporting transactional code that implements the `TransactionCallback` interface. This template handles the transaction lifecycle and possible exceptions such that neither the TransactionCallback implementation nor the calling code needs to explicitly handle transactions.

  Typical usage: Allows for writing low-level data access objects that use resources such as JDBC DataSources but are not transaction-aware themselves. Instead, they can implicitly participate in transactions handled by higher-level application services utilizing this class, making calls to the low-level services via an inner-class callback object.

  Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation with a transaction manager reference, or get prepared in an application context and passed to services as bean reference. Note: The transaction manager should always be configured as bean in the application context: in the first case given to the service directly, in the second case given to the prepared template.

  Supports setting the propagation behavior and the isolation level by name, for convenient configuration in context definitions.

  Since:
    17.03.2003
  Author:
    Juergen Hoeller
  See Also:
    `execute(org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback<T>)`, `setTransactionManager(org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager)`, `PlatformTransactionManager`, Serialized Form

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `protected Log` | `logger` Logger available to subclasses

    - ### Fields inherited from class org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition

      `PREFIX_ISOLATION, PREFIX_PROPAGATION, PREFIX_TIMEOUT, READ_ONLY_MARKER`

    - ### Fields inherited from interface org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition

      `ISOLATION_DEFAULT, ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED, ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ, ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE, PROPAGATION_MANDATORY, PROPAGATION_NESTED, PROPAGATION_NEVER, PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED, PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW, PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS, TIMEOUT_DEFAULT`

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `TransactionTemplate()` Construct a new TransactionTemplate for bean usage.
    `TransactionTemplate(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager)` Construct a new TransactionTemplate using the given transaction manager.
    `TransactionTemplate(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager, TransactionDefinition transactionDefinition)` Construct a new TransactionTemplate using the given transaction manager, taking its default settings from the given transaction definition.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `void` | `afterPropertiesSet()` Invoked by a BeanFactory after it has set all bean properties supplied (and satisfied BeanFactoryAware and ApplicationContextAware).
    `<T> T` | `execute(TransactionCallback<T> action)` Execute the action specified by the given callback object within a transaction.
    `PlatformTransactionManager` | `getTransactionManager()` Return the transaction management strategy to be used.
    `void` | `setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager)` Set the transaction management strategy to be used.

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition

      `equals, getDefinitionDescription, getIsolationLevel, getName, getPropagationBehavior, getTimeout, hashCode, isReadOnly, setIsolationLevel, setIsolationLevelName, setName, setPropagationBehavior, setPropagationBehaviorName, setReadOnly, setTimeout, toString`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### logger

          protected final Log logger

      Logger available to subclasses

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### TransactionTemplate

          public TransactionTemplate()

      Construct a new TransactionTemplate for bean usage.

      Note: The PlatformTransactionManager needs to be set before any `execute` calls.

      See Also:
        `setTransactionManager(org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager)`

    - #### TransactionTemplate

          public TransactionTemplate(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager)

      Construct a new TransactionTemplate using the given transaction manager.
      Parameters:
        `transactionManager` - the transaction management strategy to be used

    - #### TransactionTemplate

          public TransactionTemplate(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager,
                                     TransactionDefinition transactionDefinition)

      Construct a new TransactionTemplate using the given transaction manager, taking its default settings from the given transaction definition.
      Parameters:
        `transactionManager` - the transaction management strategy to be used
        `transactionDefinition` - the transaction definition to copy the default settings from. Local properties can still be set to change values.

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### setTransactionManager

          public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager)

      Set the transaction management strategy to be used.

    - #### getTransactionManager

          public PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager()

      Return the transaction management strategy to be used.

    - #### afterPropertiesSet

          public void afterPropertiesSet()

      Description copied from interface: `InitializingBean`
      Invoked by a BeanFactory after it has set all bean properties supplied (and satisfied BeanFactoryAware and ApplicationContextAware).

      This method allows the bean instance to perform initialization only possible when all bean properties have been set and to throw an exception in the event of misconfiguration.

      Specified by:
        `afterPropertiesSet` in interface `InitializingBean`

    - #### execute

          public <T> T execute(TransactionCallback<T> action)
                        throws TransactionException

      Description copied from interface: `TransactionOperations`
      Execute the action specified by the given callback object within a transaction.

      Allows for returning a result object created within the transaction, that is, a domain object or a collection of domain objects. A RuntimeException thrown by the callback is treated as a fatal exception that enforces a rollback. Such an exception gets propagated to the caller of the template.

      Specified by:
        `execute` in interface `TransactionOperations`
      Parameters:
        `action` - the callback object that specifies the transactional action
      Returns:
        a result object returned by the callback, or `null` if none
      Throws:
        `TransactionException` - in case of initialization, rollback, or system errors